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Base stations in 5G and beyond use advanced antenna systems (AASs), wheremultiple passive antenna elements and radio units are integrated into a singlebox. A critical bottleneck of such a system is the digital fronthaul betweenthe AAS and baseband unit (BBU), which has limited capacity. In this paper, westudy an AAS used for precoded downlink transmission over a multi-usermultiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) channel. First, we present thebaseline quantization-unaware precoding scheme created when a precoder iscomputed at the BBU and then quantized to be sent over the fronthaul. Wepropose a new precoding design that is aware of the fronthaul quantization. Weformulate an optimization problem to minimize the mean squared error at thereceiver side. We rewrite the problem to utilize mixed-integer programming tosolve it. The numerical results manifest that our proposed precoding greatlyoutperforms quantization-unaware precoding in terms of sum rate.

Quantisation-aware Precoding for MU-MIMO with Limited-capacity Fronthaul