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Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Torus (TFHE) allows arbitrarycomputations to happen directly on ciphertexts using homomorphic logic gates.However, each TFHE gate on state-of-the-art hardware platforms such as GPUs andFPGAs is extremely slow ($>0.2ms$). Moreover, even the latest FPGA-based TFHEaccelerator cannot achieve high energy efficiency, since it frequently invokesexpensive double-precision floating point FFT and IFFT kernels. In this paper,we propose a fast and energy-efficient accelerator, MATCHA, to process TFHEgates. MATCHA supports aggressive bootstrapping key unrolling to accelerateTFHE gates without decryption errors by approximate multiplication-less integerFFTs and IFFTs, and a pipelined datapath. Compared to prior accelerators,MATCHA improves the TFHE gate processing throughput by $2.3\times$, and thethroughput per Watt by $6.3\times$.

MATCHA: A Fast and Energy-Efficient Accelerator for Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Torus