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In this paper, the indoor dense space (IDS) channel at 28 GHz ischaracterized through extensive Ray-Tracing (RT) simulations. We consider IDSas a specific type of indoor environment with confined geometry and packed withhumans, such as aircraft cabins and train wagons. Based on RT simulations, wecharacterize path loss, shadow fading, root-mean-square delay spread, RicianK-factor, azimuth/elevation angular spread of arrival/departure consideringdifferent RT simulation scenarios of the fuselage geometry, material, and humanpresence. While the large-scale fading parameters are similar to thestate-of-the-art channel models, the small-scale fading parameters demonstratericher multipath scattering in IDS, resulting in poorer bit error rateperformance in comparison to the 3GPP indoor channel model.

mmWave Communications for Indoor Dense Spaces: Ray-Tracing Based Channel Characterization and Performance Comparison