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Hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HC-ARFs) have earned great attention in thefiber optics community due to their remarkable light-guiding properties andbroad application spectrum. Particularly nested HC-ARFs have recently reachedcompetitiveness to standard fibers and even outperform them in certaincategories. Key to their success is a precisely fine-tuned geometry, whichinherently leaves optical characteristics highly susceptible to minimalstructural deviations. When fabricating fibers, these come into play andmanifest themselves in various imperfections to the geometry, ultimatelyworsening the fiber performance. In this article, for the first time to thebest of our knowledge, these imperfections have been statistically modeled andanalyzed on their impact to the propagation loss in a Monte-Carlo fashionedsimulation. We have considered randomly varying outer and nested tube wallthicknesses as well as random tube angle offsets. We found that the lossincrease due to perturbed tube angles dominates that of varying tubethicknesses by approximately an order of magnitude for FM and two orders ofmagnitude for HOM propagation at a wavelength of 1.55 $\mu$m. Moreover, thehigher-order-mode-extinction-ratio (HOMER) is proportional to the intensity ofstructural variations, indicating an increase in the `single-modeness' of afabricated fiber. Furthermore, a bend condition worsens the loss contributionof both effects applied jointly dramatically to a value of $+50\%$ at a bendradius of 4 cm compared to $+5\%$ for a straight fiber. We believe that ourwork helps to predict the performance of realistic HC-ARFs after fabrication.

Random Design Variations of Hollow-core Anti-resonant Fibers: A Monte-Carlo Study