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We consider the extra degree of freedom offered by the rotation of thereconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) plane and investigate its potential inimproving the performance of RIS-assisted wireless communication systems. Byconsidering radiation pattern modeling at all involved nodes, we first derivethe composite channel gain and present a closed-form upper bound for the systemergodic capacity over cascade Rician fading channels. Then, we reconstruct thecomposite channel gain by taking the rotations at the RIS plane, transmitantenna, and receive antenna into account, and extract the optimal rotationangles after investigating their impacts on the capacity. Moreover, we presenta location-dependent expression of the ergodic capacity and investigate the RISdeployment strategy, i.e. the joint rotation adjustment and location selection.Finally, simulation results verify the accuracy of the theoretical analyses anddeployment strategy. Although the RIS location has a big impact on theperformance, our results showcase that the RIS rotation plays a more importantrole. In other words, we can obtain a considerable improvement by properlyrotating the RIS rather than moving it over a wide area. For instance, we canachieve more than 200\% performance improvement through rotating the RIS by42.14$^{\circ}$, while an 150\% improvement is obtained by shifting the RISover 400 meters.

RIS-Aided Wireless Communications: Extra Degrees of Freedom via Rotation and Location Optimization