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Anesthetic agents are known to induce a range of alterations in corticalelectrophysiological activity, such as the rise of signature patterns, changesin statistical properties, and altered dynamic behavior of neural records.Plenty of methods can be used to monitor these changes, among them complexitymetrics demonstrated to have the power to discriminate states involvingdistinct levels of awareness. There is a consensus that anesthetic drugs caninterfere with neural activities at different levels and time scales, beingable to induce alterations both locally and in the spatiotemporal patternsestablished throughout the whole cortex. However, it is still unclear how suchchanges in the complexity of cortical activity are supposed to occur, andexperimental evidence is still needed. For this purpose, we have analyzed anECoG records database of a Ketamine-Medetomidine anesthetic induction in anon-human primate subject. The MDR-ECoG technique provided records of corticalactivity with both high temporal and spatial resolution allied with extensivecoverage of the cortical surface. The Permutation Entropy and the FractalDimension were employed to evaluate the complexity of the neural time series.It was found that the complexity of cortical activity was relatively constantduring awakened conditions. The transition to unconsciousness occurredrelatively fast; it required about 30 to 40 seconds for the first remarkablechanges to take place. During anesthesia, the complexity assumed considerablevariation at local levels and fluctuated apparently without a defined period.The cortex dynamically alternated between high and low complex states on aglobal scale. This study provides novel evidence of the effects of anestheticson neural activity and cortical dynamics, contributing to the elucidation ofanesthetic mechanisms in terms of circuits, pathways, and global brainfunctioning.

Ketamine-Medetomidine General Anesthesia Occurs With Alternation of Cortical Electrophysiological Activity Between High and Low Complex States