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Soil sensing plays an important role in increasing agricultural output andprotecting soil sites. Existing soil sensing methods failed to achieve bothhigh accuracy and low cost. In this paper, we design and implement ahigh-accuracy and low cost chipless soil moisture sensing system calledSoilTAG. We propose a general chipless sensor design methodology which canallow us to customize the signal feature for sensing soil moisture, instead ofblindly capturing the disturbance law of the soil. Based on this principle, wedesign a battery-free passive tag which can respond to different soil-moisture.Further, we optimize hardware and algorithm design of SoilTAG to locate thepassive tag and extract its reflection signal feature to identify soil-moistureusing WiFi signals. Extensive experimental results reveal that it can identify2% absolute soil water content with a sensing distance up to 3m in open field.When the sensing distance is up to 13 m, it can also achieve 5% absolutesoil-moisture sensing resolution.

Detecting Soil Moisture Levels Using Battery-Free Wi-Fi Tag