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Micrometer diameter bilayers of NiFe (permalloy, Py) and cobalt oxide (CoO)deposited on nanomechanical resonators were used to investigate exchange biaseffects. The mechanical compliances of two resonator axes were enhanced bysevering one torsion arm, resulting in a unique three-axis resonator thatresponds resonantly to torques generated by a three-axis RF field. Ourtechnique permits simultaneous measurement of three orthogonal torquecomponents. Measurements of the anisotropies associated with interfacialexchange coupling effects have been made. At cryogenic temperatures,observations of shifted linear hysteresis loops confirmed the presence ofexchange bias from the Py/CoO interface. An in-plane rotating DC bias field wasused to probe in-plane anisotropies through the out-of-plane torque. Trainingeffects in the rotational hysteresis data were observed and showed thatfeatures due to interfacial coupling did not diminish irrespective ofsubstantial training of the unidirectional anisotropy. The data from therotational hysteresis loops were fit with parameters from a macrospin solutionto the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Each parameter of the exchange biasmodel accounts for specific features of the rotational loop.

Three-axis torque investigation of interfacial exchange coupling in a NiFe/CoO bilayer micromagnetic disk