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Backscatter communications (BC) has emerged as a promising technology forproviding low-powered transmissions in nextG (i.e., beyond 5G) wirelessnetworks. The fundamental idea of BC is the possibility of communications amongwireless devices by using the existing ambient radio frequency signals.Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently attracted significantattention due to its high spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. Thispaper proposes a new optimization framework to minimize total transmit power ofBC-NOMA cooperative vehicle-to-everything networks (V2XneT) while ensuring thequality of services. More specifically, the base station (BS) transmits asuperimposed signal to its associated roadside units (RSUs) in the first timeslot. Then the RSUs transmit the superimposed signal to their serving vehiclesin the second time slot exploiting decode and forward protocol. A backscatterdevice (BD) in the coverage area of RSU also receives the superimposed signaland reflect it towards vehicles by modulating own information. Thus, theobjective is to simultaneously optimize the transmit power of BS and RSUs alongwith reflection coefficient of BDs under perfect and imperfect channel stateinformation. The problem of energy efficiency is formulated as non-convex andcoupled on multiple optimization variables which makes it very complex and hardto solve. Therefore, we first transform and decouple the original problem intotwo sub-problems and then employ iterative sub-gradient method to obtain anefficient solution. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed BC-NOMAV2XneT provides high energy efficiency than the conventional NOMA V2XneTwithout BC.

Backscatter-Aided NOMA V2X Communication under Channel Estimation Errors