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The main challenge in using the Modular Multilevel Converter-basedconstant-torque variable-speed motor drives is increased sub-module capacitorvoltage ripples (SM-CVR) at lowfundamental frequency operation, due to theinverse relationship between SM-CVR and operating frequency. To address thisissue, a variable slope trapezoidal circulating current (CC) is injected alongwith square wave common-mode voltage (CMV). Compared to sinusoidal CC andsinusoidal CMV injection, the proposed injection technique can reduce the peakof the CC in the range of 0% to 50%, resulting in lesser device stress andimproved efficiency. Simulation results of the proposed technique arepresented, and they are further compared with the existing injection techniquesto show the superiority

Variable Slope Trapezoidal Circulating Current Injection to Attenuate  Capacitor Voltage Ripple in Modular Multilevel Converter Based Variable Speed  Motor Drives Application