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The best wind locations are nowadays often occupied by old, less efficientand relatively small wind turbines. Many of them will soon reach the end oftheir operating lifetime, or lose financial support. Therefore, repoweringcomes to the fore. However, social acceptance and land use restrictions havebeen under constant change since the initial expansions, which makes less areaavailable for new turbines, even on existing sites. For the example of Germany,this study assesses the repowering potential for onshore wind energy in highdetail, on the basis of regionally differentiated land eligibility criteria.The results show that under the given regional criteria, repowering willdecrease both operating capacity and annual energy yield by roughly 40\,\%compared to the status quo. This is because around half of the wind turbinesare currently located in restricted areas, given newly enacted exclusioncriteria. Sensitivity analyses on the exclusion criteria show that the minimumdistance to discontinuous urban fabric is the most sensitive criterion indetermining the number of turbines that can be repowered. As regulations onthis can vary substantially across different regions, the location-specificmethodology chosen here can assess the repowering potential more realisticallythan existing approaches.

Getting more with less? Why repowering onshore wind farms does not always lead to more wind power generation -- a German case study