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We simulate the nonequilibrium steady state \textit{cis-trans}photoisomerization of retinal chromophore in rhodopsin based on atwo-state-two-mode model coupled to a thermal environment. By analyzing thesystematic trends within an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of systems, wefind that the steady state reaction quantum yield (QY) correlates strongly withthe excess energy above the crossing point of the system, in agreement with theprediction of the short time dynamical wavepacket picture. However, thenontrivial dependence of the QY on the system-environment interaction indicatesthat a pure dynamical picture is insufficient and that environment-inducedpartial internal energy redistribution takes place before the reactionconcludes. These results imply that a proper treatment of thephotoisomerization reaction, particularly its high QY, must account for theredistribution and dissipation of energy beyond the dynamical wavepacket motionthat is typically employed in the literature and that is appropriate only inthe transient regime.

Steady State Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of Model Rhodopsin: Insights from Wavepacket Dynamics?