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The detection of leaks in pipeline transportation systems is a matter ofserious concern for operators, who pursue the integrity of their assets, thereduction of losses and the prevention of environmental hazards. Whenever ahole occurs in a pressurized pipeline, the corresponding fluid leakage ischaracterized by a turbulent flow and a peculiar acoustic noise, whosecharacteristics depend also on the size of the hole itself. This study showsthat both the presence and the size of such a leaking hole can be successfullydetected, by exploiting the acoustic noise (pressure transients) generated bythe fluid exiting the pipe and recorded internally by hydrophones, or byconsidering the corresponding vibrations (e.g., acceleration signals)propagating along the external shell of the conduit. To this purpose, severalexperimental campaigns of acoustic noise generation have been performed usingmultiple calibrated nozzles on a 16 ID connection pipeline in a fuel tanksarea. Detection and classification procedures are proposed to control thepresence of leakages and to estimate the size of the hole, using pressure andvibration signals.

Jet noise characterization for advanced pipeline leak detection