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Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a near room temperature ionized gas,generated under non-equilibrium discharge conditions. Here we show that a shortexposure of rat peritoneal exudate macrophages and T-cells to CAP in vitro,triggered an inflammatory phenotype leading to better antigen-presenting andeffector cell function respectively. Different from previous studies mainlyusing immortalized cell lines, both macrophage and T-cells in this study wereprimary cells isolated from mice. Furthermore, ex-vivo exposure of T-cells toCAP, followed by their adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing mice resulted in astrong antitumor effect in vivo. Mechanistically, CAP seems to disrupttolerogenic pathways leading to enhanced production of pro-inflammatorycytokines while limiting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and theexpression of inhibitory molecules such as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1).CAP represents therefore a novel, non-toxic and easy to deliver technology toaugment the function of immune cells and enhance antitumor responses when usedas a component of T-cell adoptive immunotherapies strategies or, potentially incombination with other cancer immunotherapeutic approaches.

Enhancing Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems by Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) and Its Antitumor Immunity