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Virtual models are important for training and teaching tools used in medicalimaging research. We introduce a workflow that can be used to convertvolumetric medical imaging data (as generated by Computer Tomography (CT)) tocomputer-based models where we can perform interaction of tool with the tissue.This process is broken up into two steps: image segmentation and tool-tissueinteraction. We demonstrate the utility of this streamlined workflow bycreating models of a liver. A FE model for probe insertion has been developedusing cohesive elements to simulate the tissue rupture phenomena. FE basedsimulations are performed and the results are compared with that of variouspublished papers. An analytical model that governs the reaction forces on theneedle tip has also been developed. Expressions for reaction forces acting inboth axial and transverse directions on a symmetric tip needle and a bevel tipneedle are developed. These models consider local tissue deformation by theneedle and the frictional forces generated due to the inclusion of the needlein the tissue, but do not consider the role of tissue rupture toughnessparameter Gc due to which some differences are visible in FE based simulationsand these analytical results.

Development of a finite element based haptic interactive surgery simulation from Computer 2 Tomography data