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Spaceplates are novel flat-optic devices that implement the optical responseof a free-space volume over a smaller length, effectively "compressing space"for light propagation. Together with flat lenses such as metalenses ordiffractive lenses, spaceplates have the potential to enable a drasticminiaturization of any free-space optical system. While the fundamental andpractical bounds on the performance metrics of flat lenses have been wellstudied in recent years, a similar understanding of the ultimate limits ofspaceplates is lacking, especially regarding the issue of bandwidth, whichremains as a crucial roadblock for the adoption of this platform. In this work,we derive fundamental bounds on the bandwidth of spaceplates as a function oftheir numerical aperture and compression ratio (ratio by which the free-spacepathway is compressed). The general form of these bounds is universal and canbe applied and specialized for different broad classes of space-compressiondevices, regardless of their particular implementation. Our findings also offerrelevant insights into the physical mechanism at the origin of genericspace-compression effects, and may guide the design of higher performancespaceplates, opening new opportunities for ultra-compact, monolithic, planaroptical systems for a variety of applications.

To What Extent Can Space Be Compressed? Bandwidth Limits of Spaceplates