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We investigate melting and undercooling in nanoscale (radius ~100 nm) goldparticles that are levitated in a quadrupole ion (Paul) trap in a high vacuumenvironment. The particle is heated via laser illumination and probed using twomain methods. Firstly, measurements of its mass are used to determine theevaporation rate during illumination and infer the temperature of the particle.Secondly, direct optical measurements show that the light scattered from theparticle is significantly different in its liquid and solid phases. Theparticle is repeatedly heated across its melting transition, and the dependenceof heating behavior on particle size is investigated. Undercooling -- thepersistence of a liquid state below the melting temperature -- is induced viamulti-stage laser pulses. The extent of undercooling is explored and comparedto theoretical predictions.

Observation of undercooling in a levitated nanoscale liquid Au droplet