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Small satellite communications recently entered a period of massive interestdriven by the uprising space applications. CubeSats are particularly attractivedue to their low development costs which makes them very promising in playing acentral role in the global wireless communication sector with numerousapplications. Moreover, constellations of CubeSats in low-earth orbits can meetthe increasing demands of global-coverage flexible low-cost high-speedconnectivity. However, this requires innovative solutions to overcome thesignificant challenges that face high-data-rate low-power space communications.This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of the design andarchitecture of recent CubeSat communication systems with a particular focus ontheir baseband architectures. The literature is surveyed in detail to identifyall baseband design, testing, and demonstration stages as well as accuratelydescribe the systems architecture and communication protocols. The reliability,performance, data rate, and power consumption of the reviewed systems arecritically evaluated to understand the limitations of current CubeSat systemsand identify directions of future developments. It is concluded that CubeSatcommunication systems still face many challenges, namely the development ofenergy-efficient high-speed modems that satisfy CubeSats requirements.Nevertheless, there are several promising directions for improvements such asthe use of improved coding algorithms, use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays,multiple access techniques, beamforming, advanced antennas, and transition tohigher frequency bands. By providing a concrete summary of current CubeSatcommunication systems and by critically evaluating their features, limitations,and offering insights about potential improvements, the review should aidCubeSat developers to develop more efficient and high data rate systems.

A Critical Review of Baseband Architectures for CubeSats Communication Systems