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For the advancement of the understanding of timing systematics in pixelizedreadout chips and for the benefit of future fast timing detectors to aid 4Dtracking technology in the HL-LHC, we have performed detailed studies of thetiming properties of the Timepix3, a hybrid pixel detector developed by theMedipix collaboration. These studies use three different measurement techniquesto investigate the timing systematics of this detector: test pulses, testbeam,and a laser setup that we build for this work. The average delay over the pixelmatrix is determined with the testbeam and the laser and shows the samestructure for different Timepix3 chips. The difference in delay results in amaximum difference over the pixel matrix of around 4 ns, which is largecompared to the time bins of 1.56 ns. By correcting for this difference on aper-pixel level, the time resolution is on average improved with 159 psdepending on the sensor. The best time resolution that is achieved after atimewalk correction and a correction for the difference in the average delayper pixel is 686.4$\pm$0.2 ps for a single Timepix3 chip with a 200$\mu\text{m}$ planar silicon sensor, compared to a time resolution of892.9$\pm$0.3 ps without any correction. However, this improved time resolutionis not yet the naively expected time resolution of 451 ps. The origin of thisdelay is determined with this laser setup, and is due to a combination ofsignal propagation and a difference of the start-up time of the fast oscillatorwithin the pixels. This work indicates that it is vital for next generationpixel detectors to correct for these systematic timing effects in order toreach a better time resolution to aid 4D tracking technology in the HL-LHC.

Dialing back time on Timepix3: A study on the timing performance of Timepix3