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As quantum programming evolves, more and more quantum programming languagesare being developed. As a result, debugging and testing quantum programs havebecome increasingly important. While bug fixing in classical programs has comea long way, there is a lack of research in quantum programs. To this end, thispaper presents a comprehensive study on bug fixing in quantum programs. Wecollect and investigate 96 real-world bugs and their fixes from four popularquantum programming languages Qiskit, Cirq, Q#, and ProjectQ). Our study showsthat a high proportion of bugs in quantum programs are quantum-specific bugs(over 80%), which requires further research in the bug fixing domain. We alsosummarize and extend the bug patterns in quantum programs and subdivide themost critical part, math-related bugs, to make it more applicable to the studyof quantum programs. Our findings summarize the characteristics of bugs inquantum programs and provide a basis for studying testing and debugging quantumprograms.

A Comprehensive Study of Bug Fixes in Quantum Programs