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As Christopher Alexander discovered, all space or matter - either organic orinorganic - has some degree of order in it according to its structure andarrangement. The order refers to a kind of structural character, called livingstructure, which is defined as a mathematical structure that consists ofnumerous substructures with an inherent hierarchy. Across the hierarchy, thereare far more small substructures than large ones, while on each level of thehierarchy the substructures are more or less similar in size. In this paper wedevelop a new approach to representing geographic space as a hierarchy ofrecursively defined subspaces for computing the degree of order. A geographicspace is first represented as a hierarchy of recursively defined subspaces, andall the subspaces are then topologically represented as a network for computingthe degree of order of the geographic space, as well as that of its subspaces.Unlike conventional geographic representations, which are mechanical in nature,this new geographic representation is organic, conceived, and developed underthe third view of space; that is, space is neither lifeless nor neutral, but aliving structure capable of being more living or less living. Thus, the ordercan also be referred to as life, beauty, coherence, or harmony. We applied thenew representation to three urban environments, 253 patterns, and 35black-white strips to verify it and to demonstrate advantages of the newapproach and the new kind of order. We further discuss the implications of theapproach and the order on geographic information science and sustainable urbanplanning.  Keywords: Living structure, pattern language, life, wholeness, coherence,structural beauty

Representing Geographic Space as a Hierarchy of Recursively Defined Subspaces for Computing the Degree of Order