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Loneliness has been associated with negative outcomes for physical and mentalhealth. Understanding how people express and cope with various forms ofloneliness is critical for early screening and targeted interventions to reduceloneliness, particularly among vulnerable groups such as young adults. Toexamine how different forms of loneliness and coping strategies manifest inloneliness self-disclosure, we built a dataset, FIG-Loneliness (FIne-GrainedLoneliness) by using Reddit posts in two young adult-focused forums and twoloneliness related forums consisting of a diverse age group. We providedannotations by trained human annotators for binary and fine-grained lonelinessclassifications of the posts. Trained on FIG-Loneliness, two BERT-based modelswere used to understand loneliness forms and authors' coping strategies inthese forums. Our binary loneliness classification achieved an accuracy above97%, and fine-grained loneliness category classification reached an averageaccuracy of 77% across all labeled categories. With FIG-Loneliness and modelpredictions, we found that loneliness expressions in the young adults relatedforums were distinct from other forums. Those in young adult-focused forumswere more likely to express concerns pertaining to peer relationship, and werepotentially more sensitive to geographical isolation impacted by the COVID-19pandemic lockdown. Also, we showed that different forms of loneliness havedifferential use in coping strategies.

Many Ways to Be Lonely: Fine-Grained Characterization of Loneliness and Its Potential Changes in COVID-19