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5G networks provide higher flexibility and improved performance compared toprevious cellular technologies. This has raised expectations on the possibilityto support advanced V2X services using the cellular network viaVehicle-to-Network (V2N) and V2N2V connections. Replacing direct V2Vconnections by V2N/V2N2V communications to support critical V2X servicesrequires low V2N/V2N2V latencies. It is then necessary to quantify the latencyvalues that V2N and V2N2V connections can achieve over 5G end-to-end (E2E)connections, but these depend on the particular 5G network deployments andconfigurations and to date the number of related studies is limited. This paperprogresses the state-of-the-art by introducing a novel E2E latency model toquantify the latency of 5G V2N/V2N2V communications. The model includes thelatency introduced at the radio, transport, core, Internet, peering points andapplication server (AS) for single MNO and multi-MNO scenarios. This paperestimates the E2E latency for a large variety of possible 5G networkdeployments that are being discussed or envisioned to support V2X services.This includes the possibility to deploy the V2X AS from the edge of the networkto the cloud. The model is utilized to analyze the impact of different 5Gnetwork deployments and configurations on the E2E latency. The analysis helpsidentify which 5G network deployments and configurations are more suitable tomeet V2X latency requirements. The conducted analysis highlights the challengefor centralized network deployments that locate the V2X AS at the cloud to meetthe latency requirements of advanced V2X services. Locating the V2X AS closerto the cell edge reduces the latency. However, it requires a higher number ofASs and also a careful dimensioning of the network and its configuration toensure sufficient network and AS resources are dedicated to serve the V2Xtraffic.

End-to-End V2X Latency Modeling and Analysis in 5G Networks