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In this paper we are interested in the problem of adaptive synchronization ofa voltage source converter with a possibly weak grid with unknown angle andfrequency, but knowledge of its parameters. To guarantee a suitablesynchronization with the angle of the three-phase grid voltage we design anadaptive observer for such a signal requiring measurements only at the point ofcommon coupling. Then we propose two alternative certainty-equivalent, adaptivephase-locked loops that ensure the angle estimation error goes to zero foralmost all initial conditions. Although well-known, for the sake ofcompleteness, we also present a PI controller with feedforward action thatensures the converter currents converge to an arbitrary desired value.Relevance of the theoretical results and their robustness to variation of thegrid parameters are thoroughly discussed and validated in the challengingscenario of a converter connected to a grid with low short-circuit-ratio.

An Almost Globally Stable Adaptive Phase-Locked Loop for Synchronization of a Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converter