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Sink mobility is seen as a successful strategy to resolve the hotspot problemin Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Mobile sinks roam in the network and collectdata from special nodes such as Cluster Heads (CH) by means of short-rangecommunications which improves the energy efficiency. Numerous mobile sink basedrouting protocols have been proposed, however, they incur high delaysespecially in large scale networks where the mobile sink has to travel for along distance to collect data from CHs and consequently they failed to ensure atradeoff between energy efficiency and delay. To resolve this issue, we proposein this paper an Effective Hybrid Routing Protocol termed as EHRP. The main aimof this protocol is to combine between single-hop and multi-hop routing.Indeed, when the mobile sink arrives at a cluster it collects its data whilethe other distant CHs continue to send their data using our proposed improvedAnt Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to avoid the waiting-time. The existingACO algorithms use in the distance heuristic which is not practical in realworld and fail to consider relevant statistic information of energy (e.g.,minimum energy, average energy) in path selection which leads to unbalancedenergy consumption in the network. To address these issues, the proposedrouting algorithm employs the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) andstatistic information of energy to consume energy efficiently and decrease theprobability of sending failure. The performance of the proposed routingprotocol is tested and compared with those of the relevant routing protocols.The simulation results show that, in comparison with its counterparts, EHRPsucceeds to minimize energy consumption and delay as well as enhancing thepacket delivery ratio.

EHRP : An effective hybrid routing protocol to compromise between energy consumption and delay in WSNs