English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In this paper we discuss on recent attempts aimed at demonstrating that,contrary to well-known results, the second clock effect (SCE) does not takeplace in generalized Weyl spaces -- spaces with arbitrary nonmetricity --denoted here as $W_4$ spaces. These attempts include Weyl gauge theories ofgravity, as well as the symmetric teleparallel theories (STTs). Our approach tothis issue is based on the adoption of Weyl gauge symmetry (WGS) which is amanifest symmetry of the basic laws of Weyl geometry. We shall consistentlyadapt mathematical and geometrical quantities and concepts so that theresulting geometrical framework be gauge invariant. This issue is of specialrelevance for the fate of nonmetricity theories, including a class of the STTswhich is being intensively applied in the cosmological framework. As we shallshow, if realize that WGS is a manifest symmetry of generalized Weyl spaces$W_4$, and identify physical vectors and tensors with correspondinghypothetical vectors and tensors living in $W_4$, neither the Weyl gaugetheories nor the nonmetricity theories are free of the SCE, unless Weylintegrable geometry (WIG) spaces are considered.

Gauge invariant approach to nonmetricity theories and the second clock effect