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Boson sampling has been theoretically proposed and experimentallydemonstrated to show quantum computational advantages. However, it still lacksthe deep understanding of the practical applications of boson sampling. Here wepropose that boson sampling can be used to efficiently simulate the workdistribution of multiple identical bosons. We link the work distribution toboson sampling and numerically calculate the transition amplitude matrixbetween the single-boson eigenstates in a one-dimensional quantum pistonsystem, and then map the matrix to a linear optical network of boson sampling.The work distribution can be efficiently simulated by the output probabilitiesof boson sampling using the method of the grouped probability estimation. Thescheme requires at most a polynomial number of the samples and the opticalelements. Our work opens up a new path towards the calculation of complexquantum work distribution using only photons and linear optics.

Efficiently simulating the work distribution of multiple identical bosons with boson sampling