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While perturbative QCD is sufficient for understanding the color, mass andenergy dependences of parton energy loss and jet quenching at large transversemomentum in heavy-ion collisions, a simultaneous description of heavy flavornuclear modification factor $R_\mathrm{AA}$ and elliptic flow coefficient $v_2$at low and intermediate $p_\mathrm{T}$ still remains a challenge due to theeffects from non-perturbative interactions. In this work, we extend the linearBoltzmann transport model by implementing a generalized Cornell-type potentialthat incorporates both short-range Yukawa interaction and long-range colorconfining interaction between heavy quarks and the QGP medium. Combining ournew approach for heavy-quark-QGP interaction with a (3+1)-dimensionalhydrodynamic model CLVisc for the QGP evolution and a hybridfragmentation-coalescence model for heavy quark hadronization, we obtain asatisfactory description of heavy meson $R_\mathrm{AA}$ and $v_2$ from low tointermediate to high $p_\mathrm{T}$ observed at both RHIC and the LHC. Bymodel-data-comparison, we extract for the first time the in-medium heavy quarkpotential from open heavy flavor measurements; the result is in agreement withthe lattice QCD calculation. Our study indicates that while jet quenching athigh $p_\mathrm{T}$ is dominated by perturbative QCD interactions,non-perturbative interactions are indispensible for understanding heavy flavorquenching and flow at low and intermediate $p_\mathrm{T}$.

Perturbative and non-perturbative interactions between heavy quarks and quark-gluon plasma within a unified approach