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With the advent of Industry 4.0 technologies in the last decade, airportshave undergone digitalisation to capitalise on the purported benefits of thesetechnologies such as improved operational efficiency and passenger experience.The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic with emergence of its variants (e.g. Delta,Omicron) has exacerbated the need for airports to adopt new technologies suchas contactless and robotic technologies to facilitate travel during thispandemic. However, there is limited knowledge of recent challenges and successfactors for adoption of digital technologies in airports. Therefore, through anindustry survey of airport operators and managers around the world (n=102,0.754<Composite Reliability<0.892; conducted during COVID-19), this studyidentifies the challenges faced in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies (n=20) aswell as enhances understanding of best practices or success factors thatsupported technology adoption in airports. The widely used technology,organisation, environment (TOE) framework is used as a theoretically basis forthe quantitative part of the questionnaire. A complementary qualitative part isused to underpin and extend the findings. The industry survey is thefirst-of-its-kind that was conducted to understand the implementationchallenges that airport operators face in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies inthe airport. The survey results have shown that that the Industry 4.0technologies were not implemented to a similar extent in airports despite thegeneric challenges that were faced in adopting the various Industry 4.0technologies in the airport.

Industry 4.0: Challenges and success factors for adopting digital technologies in airports