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Exocytosis is a common transport mechanism via which cells transport outnon-essential macro-molecules (cargo) into the extra cellular space. ESCRT-IIIproteins are known to help in this. They polymerize into a conical spring likestructure and help deform the cell membrane locally into a bud which wrapps theoutgoing cargo. we model this process using a continuum energy functional. Itconsists of elastic energies of the membrane and the semi-rigid ESCRT-IIIfilament, favorable adhesion energy between the cargo and the membrane, andaffinity among the ESCRT-III filaments. We take the free energy minimizationroute to identify the sequence of composite structures which form during theprocess. We show that membrane adhesion of the cargo is the driving force forthis budding process and not the buckling of ESCRT-III filaments from flatspiral to conical spring shape. However ESCRT-III stabilizes the bud once itforms. Further we conclude that a non-equilibrium process is needed to pinchoff/separate the stable bud (containing the cargo) from the cell body.

Membrane budding driven by intra-cellular ESCRT-III filaments