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In the presence of an external magnetic field Cooper pairs innoncentrosymmetric superconductors can acquire finite momentum. Recent theorypredicts that such finite-momentum pairing can lead to an asymmetric criticalcurrent, where a dissipationless supercurrent can flow along one direction butnot the opposite. However, to date this has not been observed. Here we reportthe discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect (JDE) in Josephson junctionsformed from a type II Dirac semimetal, NiTe2. A distinguishing feature is thatthe asymmetry in the critical current depends sensitively on the magnitude anddirection of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value of ~60%when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order ofjust 10 mT. Moreover the asymmetry changes sign several times with increasingfield. These characteristic features are accounted for in a theoretical modelbased on finite-momentum Cooper pairing derived from spin-helical topologicalsurface states, in an otherwise centrosymmetric system. The finite pairingmomentum is further established, and its value determined, from the evolutionof the interference pattern under an in-plane magnetic field. The observedgiant magnitude of the asymmetry in critical current and the clear expositionof its underlying mechanism paves the way to building novel superconductingcomputing devices using the Josephson diode effect.

Josephson diode effect from Cooper pair momentum in a topological semimetal