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Self-organizing networks (SONs) need to be endowed with self-coordinationcapabilities to manage the complex relations between their internal componentsand to avoid their destructive interactions. Existing communicationtechnologies commonly implement responsive self-coordination mechanisms thatcan be very slow in dynamic situations. The sixth generation (6G) networks,being in their early stages of research and standardization activities, opennew opportunities to opt for a design-driven approach when developingself-coordination capabilities. This can be achieved through the use of hybridSON designs. A hybrid architecture combines the centralized and distributedmanagement and control. In this article, we review the history of SONsincluding the inherent self-coordination feature. We then delve into theconcept of hybrid SONs (H-SONs), and we summarize the challenges,opportunities, and future trends for H-SON development. We provide acomprehensive collection of standardization activities and recommendations,discussing the key contributions and potential work to continue the evolutionand push for a wide adoption of the H-SON paradigm. More importantly, as a key6G architectural feature we propose that H-SONs should be loosely couplednetworks. Loose coupling refers to the weak interaction of different layers andweak interaction between users in the same layer, i.e., the various feedbackloops must be almost isolated from each other to improve the stability and toavoid chaotic situations. We finally conclude the paper with the key hintsabout the future landscape and the key drivers of 6G H-SONs.

Hybrid Self-Organizing Networks: Evolution, Standardization Trends, and a 6G Architecture Vision