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Cracking in La(Fe,Si)13-based magnetocaloric materials has been observed topredominantly form around La-rich (La2O3) particles and pose a threat to theirlong-term structural integrity. To understand the formation of these cracks,FIB cross-sectional polishing followed by SEM characterisation was employed tostudy local microstructural evolution after air exposure. Results suggest thatvolume expansion and internal degradation associated with a chemical reactionbetween La2O3 particles and water/moisture can lead to crack nucleation in the1:13 phase adjacent to La-rich particles. This observation indicates that theformation of La-rich phase should be suppressed, or their size minimised duringmaterial processing to ensure the long-term structural integrity ofLa(Fe,Mn,Si)13 magnetocaloric materials.

Environment-assisted crack nucleation in La(Fe,Mn,Si)13-based magnetocaloric materials