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Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) has attracted considerable attentionfrom the research community in the past three decades, because it can achievedesirable error performance with relatively low implementation complexity for alarge number of communication and storage systems. By exploiting the iterativedemapping and decoding (ID), the BICM is able to approach capacity limits ofcoded modulation over various channels. In recent years, protograph low-densityparity-check (PLDPC) codes and their spatially-coupled (SC) variants haveemerged to be a pragmatic forward-error-correction (FEC) solution for BICMsystems due to their tremendous error-correction capability and simplestructures, and found widespread applications such as deep-space communication,satellite communication, wireless communication, optical communication, anddata storage. This article offers a comprehensive survey on thestate-of-the-art development of PLDPC-BICM and its innovative SC variants overa variety of channel models, e.g., additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN)channels, fading channels, Poisson pulse position modulation (PPM) channels,and flash-memory channels. Of particular interest is code construction,constellation shaping, as well as bit-mapper design, where the receiver isformulated as a serially-concatenated decoding framework consisting of asoft-decision demapper and a belief-propagation decoder. Finally, severalpromising research directions are discussed, which have not been adequatelyaddressed in the current literature.

Protograph Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation: A Bandwidth-Efficient Design Paradigm for 6G Wireless Communications