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During the last decades, our understanding of the universe has reached aremarkable level, being able to test cosmological predictions with anastonishing precision. Nonetheless, the nature, composition, mass andinteractions of the Dark Matter still remain unknown, presenting one of themost intriguing conundrums in current cosmology. In this doctoral thesis,signatures of Dark Matter candidates which can leave an impact on the processof formation of structures and on the evolution of the Intergalactic Medium arestudied. This thesis is organized in three parts. Part I is devoted to a broadintroduction to the fundamentals, describing the state of the art of the topicsconsidered. The basics of the $\Lambda$CDM are presented in Chapter 1. Chapter2 overviews the historical progress of evidences of Dark Matter, followed by adiscussion of the status and small-scale issues of the Cold Dark Matterparadigm, examining two alternative non-standard scenarios: Warm Dark Matterand Interacting Dark Matter. Chapter 3 considers Primordial Black Holes asanother Dark Matter candidate, discussing the effects of accretion ofsurrounding matter and the enhancement of small-scale fluctuations due to thePoisson shot noise, both of which could leave an observational impact in theIntergalactic Medium. The fundamentals of the 21 cm cosmological signal arereviewed in Chapter 4, summarizing the main processes which drive thebrightness temperature, and discussing its spatial fluctuations via the powerspectrum. Finally, Chapter 5 is dedicated to the ionization and thermalevolution of the Intergalactic Medium during the Cosmic Dawn and theReionization epochs. Part II includes seven original scientific articlespublished during the development of the PhD, which constitute the main work ofthis thesis. Finally, Part III contains a summary of the main results inSpanish.

Shedding light on Dark Matter through 21 cm Cosmology and Reionization constraints