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The electromagnetic fields of linear radiating systems working withoutdispersive and dissipative losses are analyzed both in the time and thefrequency domains. In the case of the time domain radiating system, theparameter studied is the action, A, associated with the radiation. The actionis defined as the product of the energy and the duration of the radiation. Inthe case of the frequency domain radiating system, which produces radiation inbursts of duration T/2 where T is the period of oscillation, the parameterstudied is the energy, U, dissipated in a single burst of radiation of durationT/2. In this paper, we have studied how A and U vary as a function of thecharge associated with the current in the radiating system and the ratio of thelength of the radiating system and its radius. We have observed remarkableresults when this ratio is equal to the ratio of the radius of the universe tothe Bohr radius. In the case of the time domain radiating system, we haveobserved that when the charge associated with the current propagating along theradiator reaches the electronic charge, the action associated with theradiation reduces to h/2*pi where h is the Planck constant. In the case of thefrequency domain radiating system, we have observed that as the magnitude ofthe oscillating charge reduces to the electronic charge, the energy dissipatedin a single burst of radiation reduces to h*v, where v is the frequency ofoscillation. Interestingly, all these results are based purely on classicalelectrodynamics and general relativity. The importance of the findings isdiscussed. In particular, the fact that the minimum free charge that exists innature is the electronic charge, is shown for the first time to be a directconsequence of the photonic nature of the electromagnetic fields. Furthermore,the presented findings allow to derive for the first time an expression for thedark energy density of the universe in terms of the other fundamental constantsin nature, the prediction of which is consistent with experimentalobservations. This Equation, which combines together the dark energy,electronic charge and mass, speed of light, gravitational constant and Planckconstant, creates a link between classical field theories (i.e., classicalelectrodynamics and general relativity) and quantum mechanics.

Hints of the Quantum Nature of the Universe in Classical Electrodynamics and Their Connection to the Electronic Charge and Dark Energy