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This letter theoretically compares the active reconfigurable intelligentsurface (RIS)-aided system with the passive RIS-aided system. For faircomparison, we consider that these two systems have the same overall powerbudget that can be used at both the base station (BS) and the RIS. For activeRIS, we first derive the optimal power allocation between the BS's transmitsignal power and RIS's output signal power. We also analyze the impact ofvarious system parameters on the optimal power allocation ratio. Then, wecompare the performance between the active RIS and the passive RIS, whichdemonstrates that the active RIS would be superior if the power budget is notvery small and the number of RIS elements is not very large.

Active RIS Versus Passive RIS: Which Is Superior with the Same Power Budget?