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Electrochemical oxidation-reduction of radicals is a green andenvironmentally friendly approach to generating fuels. These reactions,however, suffer from sluggish kinetics due to a low local concentration ofradicals around the electrocatalyst. A large electrode potential can enhancethe fuel generation efficiency via enhancing the radical concentration aroundthe electrocatalyst sites, but this comes at the cost of electricity. Here, wereport about a 45 percent saving in energy to achieve an electrochemicalhydrogen generation rate of 10 mA per cm2 through localized electricfield-induced enhancement in the reagent concentration (LEFIRC) atlaser-induced periodic surface structured (LIPSS) electrodes. The finiteelement model is used to simulate the spatial distribution of the electricfield to understand the effects of LIPSS geometric parameters in fieldlocalization. When the LIPSS patterned electrodes are used as substrates tosupport Pt-C and RuO2 electrocatalysts, the overpotentials for HER and OER aredecreased by 40 and 25 percent, respectively. Moreover, the capability of theLIPSS-patterned electrodes to operate at significantly reduced energy is alsodemonstrated in a range of electrolytes including alkaline, acidic, neutral,and seawater. Importantly, when two LIPSS patterned electrodes were assembledas the anode and cathode into a cell, it requires 330 mVs of lower electricpotential with enhanced stability over a similar cell made of pristineelectrodes to drive a current density of 10 mA/cm2. This work demonstrates aphysical and versatile approach of electrode surface patterning to boostelectrocatalytic fuel generation performance and can be applied to any metaland semiconductor catalysts for a range of electrochemical reactions.

Laser-induced periodic surface structured electrodes with a 45 % energy saving in electrochemical fuel generation through field localization