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The great expansion of high-speed rail (HSR) in China facilitatescommunications and interactions among people across cities. Despite extensiveliterature documenting the effects of HSR on a variety of variables such aslocal economic development, research collaboration, tourism, and capitalmobility, not much is known about how HSR affects the flow of well-educatedworkers, says talents. Here we estimate talent flow among Chinese cities basedon large-scale resume data of online job seekers and explore how it is affectedby HSR. Specifically, we employ both a multiple linear regression model thatcontrols for several socioeconomic factors and a two-stage least squareregression model that instruments the introduction of HSR to a city to addressendogeneity concerns. We find that the introduction of HSR has an overallpositive effect on the talent net inflow of a city although both inflow andoutflow are increased. Moreover, the effects of HSR on talent flow are ratherheterogeneous for cities with different levels of economic development and fortalents working in different industries. Specifically, developed cities benefitfrom HSR, whereas less-developed cities are relatively impaired. Citiesconnected by HSR show significant advantage in attracting talents fromsecondary and tertiary industries. These substantial but heterogeneous effectsof HSR suggest a critical need for more comprehensive thinking about thelong-term benefits of entering the HSR network, especially for less-developedcities and those with comparative advantage in manufacturing and serviceindustries.

Substantial but heterogeneous impacts of high-speed rail on talent flow in China