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The oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) task is a common experimental paradigmof working memory (WM) study, in which a monkey must fixate its gaze on thecenter of a screen and, following a brief cue that flashes on the screen, keepfixating for several more seconds before shifting its gaze to the locationwhere the cue flashed. Consequently, in the delay period between the cue andthe response the monkey must maintain a memory of cue location.Electrophysiological recordings from the prefrontal area of the cortex (PFC)revealed neurons that display selective persistent activity: their firing ratechange induced by the cue persists through delay period, but only in responseto a confined range of cue locations. This suggests that the representation ofthe cue is maintained in the network by a change in network activity profile.In this work, we study a network of rate-model neurons that is capable ofpreserving information about a past input, owing to structured connectivity andnonlinearities in the neuronal transfer function (TFs). Particularly, we focuson the acceleration of the TF close to firing threshold and the concavityaround TF saturation. Any memory mechanism which exploits TF saturation meansthat some neurons must fire close to their saturation rates; with our model,however, we show that a certain relation between the excitatory and inhibitoryneurons' TFs can cause an effective saturation in the network without forcingthe neurons into the saturating parts of their TFs. In addition, this mechanismenables the erasure of memory at the end of the delay by a global excitatorysignal. Finally, we demonstrate the mechanism in a model network of spikingneurons which describes with more detail the oscillatory dynamics in the statetransition due to the interaction of membrane and synaptic time constants whichis neglected in the rate model.

Network mechanisms of working memory: the role of neuronal nonlinearities