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Fifth-generation (5G) networks enable a variety of use cases that requiredifferentiated connectivity, e.g., Ultra-Reliable and Low-LatencyCommunications (URLLC), enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and massive MachineType Communication (mMTC). To explore the full potential of these use cases, itis mandatory to understand the communication along with the 5G network segmentsand architecture components. User Equipment (UE), Radio Access Network (RAN),and 5G Core (5GC) are the main components that support these new networkconcepts and paradigms. 3rd Generation Partnership Project has recentlypublished Release 16, including the protocols used to communicate between RANsand 5GC, i.e., Non-Access Stratum (NAS) and NG Application Protocol (NGAP). Themain goal of this work is to present a comprehensive tutorial about NAS andNGAP specifications using a didactic and practical approach. The tutorialdescribes the protocol stacks and aspects of the functionality of theseprotocols in 5G networks, such as authentication and identification procedures,data session establishment, and resource allocation. Moreover, we review themessage flows related to these protocols in UE and Next Generation Node B(gNodeB) registration. To illustrate the concepts presented in the tutorial, wedeveloped the my5G Tester: a 5GC tester that implements NAS and NGAP forevaluating three open-source 5GC projects using a black-box testingmethodology.

Tutorial on communication between access networks and the 5G core