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Understanding how trust is built over time is essential, as trust plays animportant role in the acceptance and adoption of automated vehicles (AVs). Thisstudy aimed to investigate the effects of system performance and participants'trust preconditions on dynamic situational trust during takeover transitions.We evaluated the dynamic situational trust of 42 participants using bothself-reported and behavioral measures while watching 30 videos with takeoverscenarios. The study was a 3 by 2 mixed-subjects design, where thewithin-subjects variable was the system performance (i.e., accuracy levels of95\%, 80\%, and 70\%) and the between-subjects variable was the preconditionsof the participants' trust (i.e., overtrust and undertrust). Our results showedthat participants quickly adjusted their self-reported situational trust (SST)levels which were consistent with different accuracy levels of systemperformance in both trust preconditions. However, participants' behavioralsituational trust (BST) was affected by their trust preconditions acrossdifferent accuracy levels. For instance, the overtrust preconditionsignificantly increased the agreement fraction compared to the undertrustprecondition. The undertrust precondition significantly decreased the switchfraction compared to the overtrust precondition. These results have importantimplications for designing an in-vehicle trust calibration system forconditional AVs.

An Investigation of Drivers' Dynamic Situational Trust in Conditionally Automated Driving