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We consider a fully digital massive multiple-input multiple-outputarchitecture with low-resolution analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters(ADCs/DACs) at the base station (BS) and analyze the performance trade-offbetween the number of BS antennas, the resolution of the ADCs/DACs, and thebandwidth. Assuming a hardware power consumption constraint, we determine therelationship between these design parameters by using a realistic model for thepower consumption of the ADCs/DACs and the radio frequency chains. Consideringuplink pilot-aided channel estimation, we build on the Bussgang decompositionto derive tractable expressions for uplink and downlink ergodic achievable sumrates. Numerical results show that the ergodic performance is boosted when manyBS antennas with very low resolution (i.e., 2 to 3 bits) are adopted in boththe uplink and the downlink.

Low-Resolution Massive MIMO Under Hardware Power Consumption Constraints