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Exploiting topological ideas has been a major theme in modern photonics,which provides unprecedented opportunities to design photonic devices withrobustness against defects and flaws. While most previous works in topologicalphotonics have focused on band theory, recent theoretical advances extend thetopological concepts to the analysis of scattering matrices and suggest atopological route to complete polarization conversion (CPC), a unique photonicphenomenon without an electronic counterpart. Here, we report on theexperimental observation of the topological effect in reflection matrices of aphotonic crystal slab, enabling CPC between two linear polarizations over awide range of frequencies. Using angle-resolved reflection measurements, weobserve CPC occurring at vortex singularities of reflection coefficients inmomentum space, verifying the topological nature of CPC. In addition, thetopological effect also guarantees the spin-preserved reflection of acircularly polarized wave. Remarkably, we experimentally establish a connectionbetween two seemingly unrelated topological phenomena--CPC and bound states inthe continuum (BICs): BICs lie on the critical coupling curves that define thecondition for CPC. Our work paves the way to exploring the topologicalproperties in scattering matrices for controlling light polarization and spinand creating robust photonic devices.

Observation of topologically enabled complete polarization conversion