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International collaboration has become imperative in the field of AI.However, few studies exist concerning how distance factors have affected theinternational collaboration in AI research. In this study, we investigate thisproblem by using 1,294,644 AI related collaborative papers harvested from theMicrosoft Academic Graph (MAG) dataset. A framework including 13 indicators toquantify the distance factors between countries from 5 perspectives (i.e.,geographic distance, economic distance, cultural distance, academic distance,and industrial distance) is proposed. The relationships were conducted by themethods of descriptive analysis and regression analysis. The results show thatinternational collaboration in the field of AI today is not prevalent (only15.7%). All the separations in international collaborations have increased overyears, except for the cultural distance in masculinity/felinity dimension andthe industrial distance. The geographic distance, economic distance andacademic distances have shown significantly negative relationships with thedegree of international collaborations in the field of AI. The industrialdistance has a significant positive relationship with the degree ofinternational collaboration in the field of AI. Also, the results demonstratethat the participation of the United States and China have promoted theinternational collaboration in the field of AI. This study provides acomprehensive understanding of internationalizing AI research in geographic,economic, cultural, academic, and industrial aspects.

Internationalizing AI: Evolution and Impact of Distance Factors