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A virtual power plant (VPP) facilitates the integration of distributed energyresources (DERs) for the transmission-level operation. A challenge in operatinga VPP is to characterize the cost function over its feasible power transferregion under DERs' uncertainties. To address this challenge, a characterizationmethod is presented in this paper for the intraday operation of a VPP based onthe concepts of nonanticipativity and robustness to DERs' uncertainties. Thecharacterization stems from designing a second-order cone programming (SOCP)problem, based on which a feasible power transfer region across all timeperiods is constructed by exploring boundary points at each time period andestablishing time coupling constraints. Furthermore, a cost function over thefeasible power transfer region is formulated as a convex piecewise surfacewhose breakpoints are obtained by solving SOCP problems, together with aconstant compensation cost from a linear programming problem. Finally, toalleviate the heavy computational burden brought by numerous DERs, anapproximation method is presented by identifying the critical DERs whoseuncertainties have dominant impacts. The effectiveness of the presented methodsis verified by the numerical experiments in a 3-bus system and the IEEE 136-bussystem.

Cost Functions over Feasible Power Transfer Regions of Virtual Power Plants