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In search of the potential cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and tounderstand the diffusion kinetics, we report the detailed analysis ofelectrochemical investigation of honeycomb structured Na$_{2}$Ni$_{2}$TeO$_{6}$material using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and galvanostatic intermittenttitration technique (GITT). We found the discharge capacities of 82 and 77mAhg$^{-1}$ at 0.05~C and 0.1~C current rates, respectively, and themid-working potential of $\approx$3.9~V at 1~C and high capacity retention of80\% after 500 cycles at 0.5~C as well as excellent rate capability. Theanalysis of CV data at different scan rates reveals the pseudo-capacitivemechanism of sodium-ion storage. Interestingly, the {\it in-situ} EISmeasurements show a systematic change in the charge-transfer resistance atdifferent charge/discharge stages as well as after different number of cycles.The diffusion coefficient extracted using CV, EIS and GITT lies mainly in therange of 10$^{-10}$ to 10$^{-12}$ cm$^{2}$s$^{-1}$ and thede-insertion/insertion of Na$^+$-ion concentration during electrochemicalcycling is consistent with the ratio of Ni$^{3+}$/Ni$^{2+}$ valence statedetermined by photoemission study. Moreover, the post-cyclic results ofretrieved active material show very stable structure and morphology even aftervarious charge-discharge cycles. Our detailed electrochemical investigation anddiffusion kinetics studies establish the material as a high working potentialand long life electrode for sodium-ion batteries.

Unraveling diffusion kinetics of honeycomb structured Na$_2$Ni$_2$TeO$_6$ as a high-potential and stable electrode for sodium-ion batteries