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The ability to detect and discriminate DNA bases by reading it directly usingsimple and cost-effective methods is an important problem whose solution canproduce significant value for areas such as cancer and human genetic disorders.Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as revolutionary materials forelectronic DNA sequencing with strong potentials for fast, single-nucleotidedirect-read DNA sequencing with a minimum amount of consumables. Among 2Dmaterials, graphene is the most explored for DNA sequencing. This is due to itscommercial availability. The major hindrance of graphene is its hydrophobicity,which causes DNA bases to stick to its surface, slowing down translocationspeed, and making single-base discrimination difficult as multiple basesinteract with graphene at any given time. It is therefore essential that otherelemental 2D materials beyond graphene be investigated. Using densityfunctional theory (DFT), we studied the electronic interaction of DNA basesphysisorped onto the surface of nanoribbons from graphene, phosphorene, andsilicene. By comparing the change in energy band gap, binding energy anddensity of states (DOS), we observe that phosphorene performs better thangraphene and silicene for DNA sequencing using the physisorption modality.

Physisorption of DNA bases on finite-size nanoribbons from graphene, phosphorene, and silicene: Insights from density functional theory