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This paper proposes a novel particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique togenerate an instantaneous two-dimensional velocity field for sediment-ladenfluid based on the optical flow algorithm of ultrasound imaging. In this paper,an ultrasonic PIV (UPIV) system is constructed by integrating a medicalultrasound instrument and an ultrasonic particle image velocimetry algorithm.The medical ultrasound instrument with a phased sensor array is used to acquireacoustic echo signals and generate two-dimensional underwater ultrasoundimages. Based on the optical flow field, the instantaneous velocity of theparticles in water corresponding to the pixels in the ultrasonic particleimages is derived from the grayscale change between adjacent images under theL-K local constraint, and finally, the two-dimensional flow field is obtained.Through multiple sets of experiments, the proposed algorithm is verified. Theexperimental results are compared with those of the conventionalcross-correlation algorithms. The results show that the L-K optical flow methodcan not only obtain the underwater velocity field accurately but also has theadvantages of good smoothness and extensive suitability, especially for theflow field measurement in sediment-laden fluid than conventional algorithms.

Two-dimensional flow field measurement of sediment-laden flow based on ultrasound image velocimetry