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This article presents a secure key exchange algorithm that exploitsreciprocity in wireless channels to share a secret key between two nodes $A$and $B$. Reciprocity implies that the channel phases in the links $A\rightarrowB$ and $B\rightarrow A$ are the same. A number of such reciprocal phase valuesare measured at nodes $A$ and $B$, called shared phase values hereafter. Eachshared phase value is used to mask points of a Phase Shift Keying (PSK)constellation. Masking is achieved by rotating each PSK constellation with ashared phase value. Rotation of constellation is equivalent to adding phasesmodulo-$2\pi$, and as the channel phase is uniformly distributed in $[0,2\pi)$,the result of summation conveys zero information about summands. To enlarge thekey size over a static or slow fading channel, the Radio Frequency (RF)propagation path is perturbed to create several independent realizations ofmulti-path fading, each used to share a new phase value. To eavesdrop a phasevalue shared in this manner, the Eavesdropper (Eve) will always face anunder-determined system of linear equations which will not reveal any usefulinformation about its actual solution value. This property is used to establisha secure key between two legitimate users.

A Secure Key Sharing Algorithm Exploiting Phase Reciprocity in Wireless Channels